Prevalência de Influenza A, vírus sincicial respiratório eSARS-CoV-2 em pacientes com síndrome respiratóriaaguda grave em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalence of Influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus andSARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe acute respiratorysyndrome in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul

A síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) é caracterizada por sintomas de febre alta, tosse e dispneia, e, na maioria dos casos, relacionada a uma quantidade reduzida de agentes infecciosos. O objetivo foi avaliar a prevalência dos vírus respiratórios Influenza A (FluA), vírus sincicial respiratório (RSV) e do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) em pacientes com internação hospitalar por SRAG. Estudo transversal, com pacientes em internação hospitalar com SRAG entre novembro de 2021 e maio de 2022. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e amostras da nasofaringe foram coletados/as, as quais foram submetidas à extração de RNA e testadas quanto à positividade para Influenza A, RSV e SARS-CoV-2 por meio da técnica de PCR em tempo real pelo método SYBR Green. Foram incluídos 42 pacientes, sendo 59,5% do sexo feminino, 57,1% idosos, 54,8% com ensino fundamental. A maior parte dos pacientes reportou hábito tabagista prévio ou atual (54,8%), não etilista (73,8%) e 83,3% deles apresentavam alguma comorbidade, sendo hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 as mais prevalentes. Um total de 10,5% dos pacientes testou positivo para FluA, nenhuma amostra positiva para RSV e 76,3% positivos para SARS-CoV-2. Na população estudada, SRAG com agravo hospitalar foi observado em maior proporção, em mulheres, idosos e pessoas com comorbidades, embora sem significância estatística, sendo o novo coronavírus o agente etiológico mais relacionado, o que evidencia a patogenicidade desse agente e suas consequências ainda são evidentes após quase 2 anos de período pandêmico.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by symptoms of high fever, cough and dyspnea, and is in most cases related to a reduced amount of infectious agents. The objective was to assess the prevalence of respiratory viruses Influenza A (FluA), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in patients hospitalized for SARS. Cross-sectional study, with patients hospitalized with SARS between November 2021 and May 2022. Sociodemographic and clinical data and nasopharyngeal samples were collected, which were subjected to RNA extraction and tested for positivity for Influenza A, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 using the real-time PCR technique using the SYBR Green method. 42 patients were included, 59.5% female, 57.1% elderly, 54.8% with primary education. Most patients reported previous or current smoking habits (54.8%), non-drinkers (73.8) and 83.3% of them had some comorbidity, with systemic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus being the most prevalent. A total of 10.5% of patients tested positive for FluA, no samples positive for RSV, and 76.3% positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the studied population, SARS with hospital injury was observed more frequently in women and the elderly, with associated comorbidities, with the new coronavirus being the most related etiological agent, which shows, although not statistically significant, that the pathogenicity of this agent and its consequences are still evident after almost 2 years of period pandemic.

Association Between Active Commuting and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Primary Health Care Users

Abstract Background Although active commuting is inversely related to cardiovascular disease risk factors, these associations are unknown among Brazilian primary health care users. Objective To investigate the association between active commuting to daily activities and the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted between May and August 2019, included primary health care users from all 34 primary health care centers in Passo Fundo, a city in southern Brazil. Cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular diseases, and overweight/obesity) were measured by self-reported medical diagnosis using a questionnaire. Active commuting was analyzed dichotomously: daily commuting on foot or by bicycle was considered active, while daily commuting by car, motorcycle, or bus was considered passive. To determine the association between cardiometabolic diseases and active commuting, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression, considering p <0.05 significant. Results The sample consisted of 1443 patients. There was an inverse association between active commuting and type 2 diabetes (PR: 0.59; 95% CI [Confidence Interval]: 0.39-0.90) and overweight/obesity (PR: 0.83: 95% CI: 0.71-0.98). Conclusion A lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity/overweight was observed in people who actively commute. These findings indicate that changes in urban infrastructure to enable safe active commuting will positively impact the health of the population.

Mortality trends of breast and cervical cancer in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: an analysis by age and schooling, 1999-2019. / Tendência temporal de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de mama e de colo de útero em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: uma análise segundo faixa etária e escolaridade, 1999-2019.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the temporal trend of mortality due to malignant neoplasms of the breast and cervix from 1999 to 2019 in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: this was a time-series study based on data from the Mortality Information System; standardized rates were calculated according to age and schooling, and the temporal trend was assessed using Prais-Winsten regression. RESULTS: the overall mortality coefficients for cervical cancer (ß = -0.03; 95%CI -0.08;0.02) and for breast cancer (ß = -0.006; 95%CI -0.02;0.01) were stable over the time series; in both types of neoplasms, a rising trend was identified in women with up to 7 years of schooling; on the other hand, a stationary trend was found in the majority of the age strata analyzed. CONCLUSION: older women and those with low levels of schooling had the worst prognosis.

A Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave na pessoa idosa no contexto da pandemia da covid-19 e seus fatores associados / Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in older adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors

Resumo A Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) constitui-se como uma das doenças respiratórias mais preocupantes, sendo caracterizada por um quadro gripal associado à taquipneia ou à hipoxemia e saturação inferior a 95% em ar ambiente. No contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) observou-se um crescimento exponencial nos casos sendo a pessoa idosa o grupo populacional mais afetado. Diante do exposto, este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os casos de SRAG, assim como os fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde associados ao óbito na população idosa de um município do norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, realizado a partir da análise de dados do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe. As informações foram disponibilizadas pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do município de Passo Fundo entre 01 de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2020. A estatística descritiva compreendeu a distribuição das frequências absolutas (n) e relativas (%) das variáveis de interesse. Na análise dos fatores associados estimouse razões de odds brutas e ajustadas por meio da Regressão Logística. Foi observado um total de 1.268 notificações por SRAG em idosos, sendo 72% causadas pela covid-19. A letalidade observada foi alta (40,9%), principalmente entre homens e de baixa escolaridade, sendo a presença de algum fator de risco determinante para o óbito, destacando-se a doença renal crônica. Espera-se que as associações evidenciadas neste trabalho possam auxiliar nas políticas de saúde direcionadas à saúde da pessoa idosa, sobretudo pelo fortalecimento das ações na rede de atenção primária.

Abstract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is one of the most worrying respiratory diseases, characterized by a flu-like condition associated with tachypnea or hypoxemia, with saturation below 95% in ambient air. In the context of the new coronavirus (SARSCoV- 2) pandemic, exponential growth in cases was observed, with the elderly being the most affected population group. This study aimed to describe SARS cases, as well as socio-demographic and health-associated factors in the elderly population of a city in the north of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. This is an epidemiological study carried out by Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System. The information was made available by the Municipal Health Department of the Passo Fundo between January 1st and December 31st, 2020. In the descriptive analysis, the distribution of absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies of the variables of interest was performed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were estimated using Logistic Regression. A total of 1,268 SARS notifications were observed in the elderly, 72% of which were caused by covid-19. The lethality was high (40.9%), mainly among men and those with low education, with the presence of at least one risk factor, especially chronic kidney disease. It is expected that the associations highlighted in this study can help to develop health policies aimed at the health of the elderly, especially by strengthening actions in primary health care.

Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality Rates in Nine Cities of Rio Grande do Sul from 2009 to 2019: Temporal Trends and Demographic Differences

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality statistics in Brazil and worldwide. The evaluation of the temporal and spatial distribution of mortality due to CVD is essential to support actions aimed at monitoring the implementation of health policies. Objectives To analyze the temporal trend of mortality due to CVD from 2009 to 2019, as well as the main causes of death according to gender and age group in nine cities of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Methods This is an ecological study based on data from the Mortality Information System. The rates were stratified according to gender, age group and cause, which were composed of ischemic heart diseases (IHD), cerebrovascular diseases and hypertensive diseases (HD). Prais-Winsten regression was used for time trend estimates. Results Three out of the nine cities analyzed showed a significant reduction in the overall mortality rates due to CVD in the timeframe evaluated (p<0.05). When the cause of death was analyzed, there was a decreasing trend in mortality due to IHD in Caxias do Sul, Ijuí and Porto Alegre. In these cities and also in Passo Fundo and Uruguaiana, there was a decrease in mortality due to cerebrovascular diseases. The cities of Ijuí, Porto Alegre and Santa Maria recorded an increase in hypertensive disease mortality rates. In most cities, there was an increase in rates related to greater age and male sex. Conclusion Heterogeneity was observed in the trend of mortality due to CVD throughout the historical series, which may be related to the execution of public policies and the control of cardiovascular risk factors in the evaluated territories.

Mortality trends of breast and cervical cancer in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: an analysis by age and schooling, 1999-2019 / Tendencias temporales de la mortalidad por cáncer maligno de mama y de cuello uterino en Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: un análisis por grupo de edad y escolaridad, 1999-2019 / Tendência temporal de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de mama e de colo de útero em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: uma análise segundo faixa etária e escolaridade, 1999-2019

Aim: to analyze the temporal trend of mortality from malignant neoplasm of the breast and cervix from 1999 to 2019 in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Methods: a time-series study based on data from the Brazilian Unified Health System's Mortality; standardized coefficients were calculated according to age and schooling, and the temporal trend was evaluated by Prais-Winsten regression. Results: there was stability in the mortality coefficients for cervical cancer (ß = -0.03 ­ 95%CI -0.08;0.02) and formalignant breast cancer (ß = -0.006 ­ 95%CI -0.02;0.01) over the time series; in both types of neoplasms, an ascending trend was identified in women with low schooling; on the other hand, a stationary trend was observed in most of the age strata analyzed. Conclusion: older women and those with up to 7 years of schooling are those with the worst prognosis.

Objetivo: analizar la tendencia temporal de la mortalidad por neoplasia maligna de mama y cuello uterino, de 1999 a 2019, en Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: estudio de series temporales a partir de datos del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad; los coeficientes estandarizados se calcularon según la edad y la educación; y la tendencia, evaluada por regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: hubo estabilidad en los coeficientes de mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino (ß = -0,03 ­ IC95% -0,08;0,02) y por el cáncer de mama maligno (ß = -0,006 ­ IC95% -0,02;0,01) a lo largo de la serie temporal; en ambos tipos de neoplasias se identificó una tendencia ascendente en mujeres con baja escolaridad; se observó una tendencia estacionaria en la mayoría de los estratos de edad analizados. Conclusión: las mujeres de mayor edad y con hasta 7 años de escolaridad las de peor pronóstico.

Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de mama e de colo de útero em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1999 a 2019. Métodos: estudo de série temporal a partir de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade; os coeficientes padronizados de mortalidade foram calculados segundo idade e escolaridade e a tendência, avaliada por regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: observou-se estabilidade nos coeficientes gerais de mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero (ß = -0,03 ­ IC95% -0,08;0,02) e por câncer de mama (ß = -0,006 ­ IC95% -0,02;0,01) no período avaliado; para ambos tipos de câncer, identificou-se tendência ascendente dos coeficientes em mulheres com até 7 anos de estudo; entretanto, tendência estacionária foi observada na maior parte dos estratos etários analisados. Conclusão: mulheres em idades mais avançadas e com baixa escolaridade foram aquelas com pior prognóstico da doença.

Residência multiprofissional em saúde: costurando redes de cuidado e formação no norte gaúcho / Multidisciplinary health residency: stitching together care and training networks in the north gaucho

Esta obra é uma peça costurada a muitas mãos, com diferentes cores e tecidos, que foram se alinhavando na arte de costurar experiências vivenciadas no cotidiano do ensino-servico-comunidade. A costura como arte que se dá no cotidiano, aparentemente simples e manual, carrega em si a sutileza e os saberes ancestrais das capacidades e habilidades de criação, de unir peças separadas e diferentes, dando-lhes sentido. Costurar diferentes pontos das redes intersetoriais de atenção à saúde. As relações entre as equipes, as formas de gestão e participação, integrar as Instituições nas ações entre o ensino-serviço-comunidade é o desafio que os processos cotidianos de produção do cuidado e da formação na saúde enfrentam todos os dias. Este livro temático traz a experiência pedagógica e política da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde, realizada pela Universidade Federal da Frontera Sul (UFFS) e iniciada pelo Grupo Hospitalar Conceição e a Prefeitura Municipal de Marau-RS. As costuras trazem análises de caráter intersetorial, interprofissional e interdisciplinar, com transversalidade às grandes áreas de conhecimentos da saúde, ciências humanas e sociais, em particular o campo da saúde coletiva. Tece diálogos com a propósito de produzir visibilidade às experiências vividas no processo formativo e no contato com os territórios, de tal forma que possibilitem ampliar as reflexes sobre as Residências em Area Profissional da Saúde em geral e com ênfase na Atenção Básica, em particular. Contribui também com os estudos sobre a Educação Permanente em Saúde e a aprendizagem ativa na formação profissional e sobre o desenvolvimento do trabalho nos sistemas locais de saúde.

Mensuração da atividade física e comportamento sedentário: uma análise baseada em grupos de pesquisa / Measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior: a research group-based analysis

O presente estudo caracterizou os grupos de pesquisa brasileiros que possuem linhas de pesquisa voltadas à temática da mensuração da atividade física e/ou comportamento sedentário. Autores de artigos originais envolvendo desenvolvimento, adaptação, tradução e testagem de qualidade de medidas de instrumentos da atividade física/comportamento sedentário na população brasileira foram convidados a responder um instrumento online contendo 19 questões para a identificação de líderes e de características gerais dos grupos de pesquisa. Vinte e oito grupos de pesquisa foram identificados, sendo o pioneiro criado na década de 1970 e a maioria nas últimas duas décadas. Enquanto a região sudeste apresentou a maior concentração de grupos, foi identificada ausência de grupos nas regiões norte e centro-oeste. Os métodos de mensuração mais testados por estes grupos foram os subjetivos, predominantemente questionários (n = 24), seguidos pelos métodos objetivos por meio de acelerômetros (n = 18) e pedômetros (n = 9). Foram identificadas várias conexões (parcerias permanentes com outros grupos/instituições) em nível nacional e internacional, especialmente com países da América do Norte, Europa e Austrália. Espera-se que os resultados do presente estudo possam estimular ações colaborativas entre grupos e pesquisadores brasileiros com o intuito de reduzir desigualdades regionais e aprimorar a produção do conhecimento na área da mensuração da atividade física e do comportamento sedentário

The present study characterized the Brazilian research groups that have research lines focused on the meas-uring of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior. Authors of original articles that involved the devel-opment, adaptation, translation, and quality testing of measures of physical activity/sedentary behavior instruments in the Brazilian population were invited to answer an online instrument containing 19 questions to identify leaders and general characteristics of research groups. Twenty-eight research groups were identified, the pioneer being created in the 1970's and the majority in the last two decades. While the Southeast region had the highest concentration of groups, the absence of groups was identified in the North and Midwest regions. The measurement methods most tested by these groups were subjective, predominantly questionnaires (n = 24), followed by objective methods using accelerometers (n = 18) and pedometers (n = 9). Several connections (permanent partnerships with other groups/institutions) were identified at national and international levels, especially with countries in North America, Europe, and Australia. It is expected that the results of the present study can stimulate collaborative actions between Brazilian groups and re-searchers to reduce regional inequalities and improve the production of knowledge in the area of measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior

Grupo de Trabalho em Mensuração da Atividade Física e Comportamento Sedentário: uma breve Apresentação / Work Group on Measurement of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: a Brief Presentation

A Sociedade Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde (SBAFS) exerce importante papel na união dos pesquisadores e fortalecimento da área no Brasil. Por essa razão, as decisões e direcionamentos das diferentes gestões da SBAFS, auxiliam, no desenvolvimento e consolidação da área. Uma das importantes ações da SBAFS nos últimos anos foi a criação de Grupos de Trabalhos (GTs) sobre diferentes temáticas da atividade física e saúde. Um dos GTs criados foi o GT de Mensuração da Atividade Física e Comportamento Sedentário. Neste contexto, o presente manuscrito descreve a criação do referido GT, suas atividades e ações no período de 2019 e 2021

The Brazilian Society of Physical Activity & Health (SBAFS) plays an important role in uniting researchers and strengthening the field in Brazil. For this reason, the decisions and directions of the different leader-ships of SBAFS help in the development and consolidation of the area. One of the important actions of the SBAFS in recent years was the creation of Working Groups ( WGs) on different themes of physical activity and health. One of the WGs created was the Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Measurement WG. In this context, the aim of this manuscript is to describe the creation of the aforementioned WG, its activities and actions in the period of 2019 to 2021

Tendência temporal de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de mama e de colo de útero em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: uma análise segundo faixa etária e escolaridade, 1999-2019 / Tendencias temporales de la mortalidad por cáncer maligno de mama y de cuello uterino en Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: un análisis por grupo de edad y escolaridad, 1999-2019 / Mortality trends of breast and cervical cancer in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: an analysis by age and schooling, 1999-2019

Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de mama e de colo de útero em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1999 a 2019. Métodos: estudo de série temporal a partir de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade; as taxas padronizadas de mortalidade foram calculados segundo idade e escolaridade e a tendência, avaliada por regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: observou-se estabilidade nos coeficientes gerais de mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero (ß = -0,03; IC95% -0,08;0,02) e por câncer de mama (ß = -0,006; IC95% -0,02;0,01) no período avaliado; para ambos os tipos de câncer, identificou-se tendência ascendente dos coeficientes em mulheres com até 7 anos de estudo; entretanto, tendência estacionária foi observada na maior parte dos estratos etários analisados. Conclusão: mulheres em idades mais avançadas e com baixa escolaridade foram aquelas com pior prognóstico da doença.

Objetivo: analizar la tendencia temporal de la mortalidad por neoplasia maligna de mama y cuello uterino, de 1999 a 2019, en Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: estudio de series temporales a partir de datos del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad; las tasas estandarizadas se calcularon según la edad y la educación; y la tendencia, evaluada por regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: hubo estabilidad en los coeficientes de mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino (ß = -0,03; IC95% -0,08;0,02) y por el cáncer de mama maligno (ß = -0,006; IC95% -0,02;0,01) a lo largo de la serie temporal; en ambos tipos de neoplasias se identificó una tendencia ascendente en mujeres con baja escolaridad; se observó una tendencia estacionaria en la mayoría de los estratos de edad analizados. Conclusión: las mujeres de mayor edad y con hasta 7 años de escolaridad fueran las de peor pronóstico.

Objective: to analyze the temporal trend of mortality due to malignant neoplasms of the breast and cervix from 1999 to 2019 in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: this was a time-series study based on data from the Mortality Information System; standardized rates were calculated according to age and schooling, and the temporal trend was assessed using Prais-Winsten regression. Results: the overall mortality coefficients for cervical cancer (ß= -0.03; 95%CI -0.08;0.02) and for breast cancer (ß = -0.006; 95%CI -0.02;0.01) were stable over the time series; in both types of neoplasms, a rising trend was identified in women with up to 7 years of schooling; on the other hand, a stationary trend was found in the majority of the age strata analyzed. Conclusion: older women and those with low levels of schooling had the worst prognosis.

Multiple imputation to deal with missing objectively-measured physical activity data: findings from two cohorts / Imputação múltipla para lidar com dados faltantes em acelerometria: resultados de duas coortes

The objective of this article was to describe patterns of losses of information regarding accelerometer data and to assess the use of multiple imputation to generate physical activity estimates for individu-als without accelerometry data. Two birth cohort studies from Pelotas (Brazil) with participants aged 22 and 11-years old assessed objectively measured physical activity differences between complete and imputed cases. Mean values of overall physical activity for complete cases (n1993 = 2,985 and n2004 = 3,348) and for complete cases plus imputed cases (n1993 = 760 and n2004 = 79) were described accord-ing to predictors. Male individuals, participants with black skin color, and less schooled individuals presented higher averages of overall physical activity than their counterparts. Almost all imputed estimates were comparable to the complete cases, and the highest difference found was 0.7 mg for the first quintile of socioeconomic status of the 1993 birth cohort. Multiple imputation is a positive technique to deal with missing data from objectively measured physical activity. It provides a set of relevant variables to be used in order to efficiently predict accelerometer data

O objetivo desse artigo foi descrever os padrões de perda de informação em dados de acelerometria, além de avaliar o processo de imputação múltipla para estimar o nível de atividade física para indivíduos sem dados de acelerometria. Participantes de duas coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas (Brasil) com 22 e 11 anos participaram do estudo e diferenças entre casos completos e imputados foram avaliadas. A média geral de atividade física para os casos completos (n1993 = 2.985 e n2004 = 3.348) e para casos completos mais imputados (n1993 = 760 e n2004 = 79) foi descrita de acordo com os preditores. Indivíduos do sexo masculino, de cor da pele preta e com menor escolaridade apresentaram maiores médias de atividade física geral. Quase todas as estimativas imputadas foram comparáveis com os valores de casos completos, e a maior diferença encontrada foi 0,7 mg para o primeiro quintil de renda na coorte de 1993. Imputação múltipla é uma boa técnica para lidar com dados faltantes de atividade física medida por acelerometria. Essa técnica fornece um gama relevante de variáveis para serem usadas a fim de predizer valores de acelerometria eficientemente

Associations of physical activity and sedentary time with body composition in Brazilian young adults.

The findings of studies on the association between physical activity and adiposity are not consistent, and most are cross-sectional and used only self-reported measures. The aims of this study were to evaluate: 1) independent and combined cross-sectional associations of objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time with body composition outcomes at 30 years, and 2) prospective associations of changes in self-reported physical activity from 23 to 30 years with the same outcomes in participants from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Body mass index, waist circumference, visceral abdominal fat, fat mass index, and android/gynoid fat ratio were the outcomes. 3,206 participants were analysed. In cross-sectional analyses, higher objectively-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (ß = 0.017, 95%CI: -0.026; -0.009), waist circumference (ß = -0.043, 95%CI: -0.061; -0.025), visceral abdominal fat (ß = -0.006, 95%CI: -0.009; -0.003), and fat mass index (ß = -0.015, 95%CI: -0.021; -0.009), independent of sedentary time. Sedentary time was independently associated only with higher fat mass index (ß = 0.003, 95%CI: 0.001; 0.005). In longitudinal analyses, using self-reported measure, adiposity was lower among those who were consistently active or who became active. Adiposity was similar among the "became inactive" and "consistently inactive" subjects. Our findings suggest metabolic benefits from engagement in physical activity throughout young adulthood, with stronger associations on concurrent levels.

Assisted reproductive technology: prevalence and associated factors in Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of successful assisted reproductive technology and to identify the associated factors. METHODS: This population-based birth cohort study was carried out with 4,333 pregnant women expected to deliver in 2015 in the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Use of an assisted reproductive technology procedure, type of assisted reproductive technology [in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection or artificial insemination], number of embryos transferred, success of embryo transfer, number of attempts, and reported reasons for seeking assisted reproductive technology were the main outcomes measured. Use of an assisted reproductive technology procedure was analyzed according to sociodemographic, nutritional, reproductive history, and behavioral characteristics. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 4,275 newborns enrolled in the Pelotas 2015 Birth Cohort Study, 18 births (0.4%) were conceived by assisted reproductive technology. Most cases of assisted reproductive technology were by in vitro fertilization (70.6%). All cycles were performed in private clinics under direct out-of-pocket payment. Even after controlling for confounders, maternal age > 35 years, nulliparity and high family monthly income were strongly associated with assisted reproductive technology. CONCLUSIONS: The use of assisted reproductive technology services was reported by only a few women in the Pelotas 2015 Birth Cohort Study. Our study highlights sociodemographic factors associated to assisted reproductive technology procedures. To better understand the patterns and barriers in overall use of assisted reproductive technology services over time, national-level trend studies in assisted reproductive technology treatments and outcomes, as well as studies exploring the characteristics of women who have sought this kind of treatment are needed in low-middle income countries.

Assisted reproductive technology: prevalence and associated factors in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of successful assisted reproductive technology and to identify the associated factors. METHODS: This population-based birth cohort study was carried out with 4,333 pregnant women expected to deliver in 2015 in the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Use of an assisted reproductive technology procedure, type of assisted reproductive technology [in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection or artificial insemination], number of embryos transferred, success of embryo transfer, number of attempts, and reported reasons for seeking assisted reproductive technology were the main outcomes measured. Use of an assisted reproductive technology procedure was analyzed according to sociodemographic, nutritional, reproductive history, and behavioral characteristics. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 4,275 newborns enrolled in the Pelotas 2015 Birth Cohort Study, 18 births (0.4%) were conceived by assisted reproductive technology. Most cases of assisted reproductive technology were by in vitro fertilization (70.6%). All cycles were performed in private clinics under direct out-of-pocket payment. Even after controlling for confounders, maternal age > 35 years, nulliparity and high family monthly income were strongly associated with assisted reproductive technology. CONCLUSIONS: The use of assisted reproductive technology services was reported by only a few women in the Pelotas 2015 Birth Cohort Study. Our study highlights sociodemographic factors associated to assisted reproductive technology procedures. To better understand the patterns and barriers in overall use of assisted reproductive technology services over time, national-level trend studies in assisted reproductive technology treatments and outcomes, as well as studies exploring the characteristics of women who have sought this kind of treatment are needed in low-middle income countries.

Self-reported well-being and associated factors among industrial workers in Brazil: findings from a national survey.

The purpose of this study was to estimate self-perception of well-being and associated factors among industrial workers in Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with a representative sample from 23 Brazilian states and the Federal District. Self-reported of well-being was investigated by questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. For 93% of the 47,477 industrial workers, the perception of well-being was positive. Those who had the highest chances of being in the category of best perception of well-being were: male workers (OR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.28; 1.43); those aged under thirty years old (OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.12; 1.39); those from Southern Brazil (OR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.83; 2.16); and people with a high income. The prevalence of positive well-being was high. Sociodemographic, behavioral and social support characteristics, as well as the characteristics related to self-report on health were associated with well-being.

Self-reported well-being and associated factors among industrial workers in Brazil: findings from a national survey / Bem-estar subjetivo e fatores associados em trabalhadores da indústria brasileira: resultados de uma pesquisa nacional / Bienestar subjetivo y factores asociados entre trabajadores de la industria brasileña: resultados de una investigación nacional

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to estimate self-perception of well-being and associated factors among industrial workers in Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with a representative sample from 23 Brazilian states and the Federal District. Self-reported of well-being was investigated by questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. For 93% of the 47,477 industrial workers, the perception of well-being was positive. Those who had the highest chances of being in the category of best perception of well-being were: male workers (OR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.28; 1.43); those aged under thirty years old (OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.12; 1.39); those from Southern Brazil (OR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.83; 2.16); and people with a high income. The prevalence of positive well-being was high. Sociodemographic, behavioral and social support characteristics, as well as the characteristics related to self-report on health were associated with well-being.

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi estimar o bem-estar subjetivo e fatores associados entre trabalhadores da indústria brasileira. Foi realizado um inquérito transversal em uma amostra representativa de 23 Estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. O estudo usou um questionário para investigar o bem-estar relatado pelo próprio trabalhador como variável-desfecho. Foi utilizada regressão logística multivariada nas análises brutas e ajustadas. Do total de 47.477 trabalhadores, 93% tiveram uma percepção positiva do seu próprio bem-estar. O bem-estar subjetivo esteve associado aos seguintes fatores: gênero masculino (OR = 1,35; IC95%:1,28; 1,43); idade abaixo de 30 anos (OR = 1,24; IC95%: 1,12; 1,39); Região Sul (OR = 1,99; IC95%: 1,83; 2,16) e renda mais alta. A percepção de bem-estar positivo foi alta entre trabalhadores da indústria brasileira. Fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais, de suporte social e de autorrelato de questões de saúde mostraram associação com o bem-estar subjetivo.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue estimar el bienestar subjetivo y factores asociados entre trabajadores de la industria brasileña. Se realizó una encuesta transversal en una muestra representativa de los 23 estados brasileños y Distrito Federal. El estudio usó un cuestionario para investigar el bienestar informado por el propio trabajador como variable-desenlace. Se utilizó la regresión logística multivariada en los análisis brutos y ajustados. De un total de 47.477 trabajadores, un 93% tuvieron una percepción positiva de su propio bienestar. El bienestar subjetivo estuvo asociado a los siguientes factores: género masculino (OR = 1,35; IC95%: 1,28; 1,43); edad por debajo de los 30 años (OR = 1,24; IC95%: 1,12; 1,39); región sur (OR = 1,99; IC95%: 1,83; 2,16) y renta más alta. Había una alta prevalencia de bienestar positivo. Los factores sociodemográficos, comportamentales, de apoyo social y de autoinforme de cuestiones de salud mostraron una asociación con el bienestar subjetivo.

Maternal mortality in Brazil from 2001 to 2012: time trends and regional differences. / Mortalidade materna no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2012: tendência temporal e diferenças regionais.

OBJECTIVE:: To assess time trends in maternal mortality in Brazil and its five geographical regions from 2001 to 2012, as well as to describe its main causes. METHODS:: This is a time series analysis, from data obtained in the Mortality Information System (SIM) and in the Live Births Information System (SINASC). Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and causes of maternal death were described according to the categories of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, in the years 2001, 2006, and 2011. To estimate time trends, linear regression was used. RESULTS:: The highest MMR in Brazil was observed in 2009 (77.31 per 100,000 live births). A significant decreasing trend was observed in the Northeast and South regions and a significant increasing trend was found in the Midwest. There was an increase in deaths from other obstetric conditions and a decrease in deaths from edema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders. CONCLUSION:: Although there was a decreasing trend in the MMR in the Northeast and South regions, the high ratio observed in Brazil reveals the need to improve health care in prenatal, childbirth, and puerperium periods.

Mortalidade materna no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2012: tendência temporal e diferenças regionais / Maternal mortality in Brazil from 2001 to 2012: time trends and regional differences

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar a tendência de mortalidade materna no Brasil e nas cinco regiões brasileiras, de 2001 a 2012, e descrever suas principais causas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma série temporal, a partir de dados obtidos no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e no Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos. A razão de mortalidade materna e as causas de morte materna foram descritas conforme as categorias da 10ª revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças, nos anos de 2001, 2006 e 2011. Para estimar a tendência temporal foi utilizada a regressão linear. Resultados: A razão de mortalidade materna mais elevada no Brasil foi no ano de 2009 (77,31 por 100 mil nascidos vivos). Foi observada tendência significativa de diminuição da razão de mortalidade materna para as regiões Nordeste e Sul e de aumento na região Centro-Oeste. Houve incremento nas mortes por outras afecções obstétricas e uma queda nas mortes por edema, proteinúria e transtornos hipertensivos. Conclusão: Embora tenham sido observadas tendências de diminuição da razão de mortalidade materna para o Nordeste e o Sul, as elevadas taxas observadas para o Brasil evidenciam a necessidade de melhoria à assistência pré-natal, ao parto e ao puerpério.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess time trends in maternal mortality in Brazil and its five geographical regions from 2001 to 2012, as well as to describe its main causes. Methods: This is a time series analysis, from data obtained in the Mortality Information System (SIM) and in the Live Births Information System (SINASC). Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and causes of maternal death were described according to the categories of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, in the years 2001, 2006, and 2011. To estimate time trends, linear regression was used. Results: The highest MMR in Brazil was observed in 2009 (77.31 per 100,000 live births). A significant decreasing trend was observed in the Northeast and South regions and a significant increasing trend was found in the Midwest. There was an increase in deaths from other obstetric conditions and a decrease in deaths from edema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders. Conclusion: Although there was a decreasing trend in the MMR in the Northeast and South regions, the high ratio observed in Brazil reveals the need to improve health care in prenatal, childbirth, and puerperium periods.

Burden of physical inactivity and hospitalization costs due to chronic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the physical inactivity-related inpatient costs of chronic non-communicable diseases. METHODS: This study used data from 2013, from Brazilian Unified Health System, regarding inpatient numbers and costs due to malignant colon and breast neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and osteoporosis. In order to calculate the share physical inactivity represents in that, the physical inactivity-related risks, which apply to each disease, were considered, and physical inactivity prevalence during leisure activities was obtained from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio(Brazil's National Household Sample Survey). The analysis was stratified by genders and residing country regions of subjects who were 40 years or older. The physical inactivity-related hospitalization cost regarding each cause was multiplied by the respective share it regarded to. RESULTS: In 2013, 974,641 patients were admitted due to seven different causes in Brazil, which represented a high cost. South region was found to have the highest patient admission rate in most studied causes. The highest prevalences for physical inactivity were observed in North and Northeast regions. The highest inactivity-related share in men was found for osteoporosis in all regions (≈ 35.0%), whereas diabetes was found to have a higher share regarding inactivity in women (33.0% to 37.0% variation in the regions). Ischemic heart diseases accounted for the highest total costs that could be linked to physical inactivity in all regions and for both genders, being followed by cerebrovascular diseases. Approximately 15.0% of inpatient costs from Brazilian Unified Health System were connected to physical inactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Physical inactivity significantly impacts the number of patient admissions due to the evaluated causes and through their resulting costs, with different genders and country regions representing different shares.

Burden of physical inactivity and hospitalization costs due to chronic diseases / Impacto da inatividade física e custos de hospitalização por doenças crônicas

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the physical inactivity-related inpatient costs of chronic non-communicable diseases. METHODS This study used data from 2013, from Brazilian Unified Health System, regarding inpatient numbers and costs due to malignant colon and breast neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and osteoporosis. In order to calculate the share physical inactivity represents in that, the physical inactivity-related risks, which apply to each disease, were considered, and physical inactivity prevalence during leisure activities was obtained from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (Brazil's National Household Sample Survey). The analysis was stratified by genders and residing country regions of subjects who were 40 years or older. The physical inactivity-related hospitalization cost regarding each cause was multiplied by the respective share it regarded to. RESULTS In 2013, 974,641 patients were admitted due to seven different causes in Brazil, which represented a high cost. South region was found to have the highest patient admission rate in most studied causes. The highest prevalences for physical inactivity were observed in North and Northeast regions. The highest inactivity-related share in men was found for osteoporosis in all regions (≈ 35.0%), whereas diabetes was found to have a higher share regarding inactivity in women (33.0% to 37.0% variation in the regions). Ischemic heart diseases accounted for the highest total costs that could be linked to physical inactivity in all regions and for both genders, being followed by cerebrovascular diseases. Approximately 15.0% of inpatient costs from Brazilian Unified Health System were connected to physical inactivity. CONCLUSIONS Physical inactivity significantly impacts the number of patient admissions due to the evaluated causes and through their resulting costs, with different genders and country regions representing different shares.

OBJETIVO Avaliar o custo de internações por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis atribuível à inatividade física. MÉTODOS Este estudo utilizou dados de 2013, do Sistema Único de Saúde, referentes ao número e respectivo custo das internações por neoplasia maligna de cólon e mama, doenças cerebrovasculares, doenças isquêmicas do coração, hipertensão, diabetes e osteoporose. Para o cálculo da fração atribuível à inatividade física foram considerados os riscos relativos da inatividade física a cada doença e a prevalência de inatividade física no lazer foi obtida da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio. A análise foi estratificada por sexo e região do País de indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 40 anos. O custo das internações de cada causa atribuível à inatividade física foi multiplicado pela respectiva fração a ela atribuível. RESULTADOS Foram realizadas 974.641 internações hospitalares por sete causas de internações no Brasil, em 2013, o que representou custo alto. A região Sul apresentou a maior taxa de internação na maioria das causas estudadas. A maior prevalência de inatividade física ocorreu nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. A maior fração atribuível à inatividade em homens foi encontrada para a osteoporose em todas as regiões (≈ 35,0%), enquanto o diabetes apresentou maior fração atribuível à inatividade em mulheres (variação de 33,0% a 37,0% nas regiões). As doenças isquêmicas do coração foram responsáveis pelos mais altos custos totais e atribuíveis à inatividade física em todas as regiões e em ambos os sexos, seguidas das doenças cerebrovasculares. Aproximadamente 15,0% dos custos ao Sistema Único de Saúde das internações foi atribuível à inatividade física. CONCLUSÕES A inatividade física impacta significativamente o número de internações hospitalares pelas causas avaliadas e nos custos resultantes, com diferenças na ocorrência dependendo do sexo e região do País.